![]() ![]() Individuals treated with interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for PTSD also show decreases in BDI-II scores following treatment (Bleiberg & Markowitz, 2005). The BDI has also been found to be sensitive to intervention effects in and randomized trials with individuals with diagnosed PTSD (e.g., Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie, & Nixon, 2005 Ehlers et al., 2005 Kubany et al., 2004).It has been used in samples of combat veterans, women who have experienced intimate partner violence and sexual abuse, and in numerous treatment outcome studies for PTSD. A PsychInfo search of “Beck Depression Inventory” or “BDI” AND “trauma” yielded 681 peer-reviewed journal articles (6/05). The BDI has been used in numerous studies with trauma-exposed individuals. They found no differences between Caucasians and non-Caucasians but did report significant correlations between age and BDI-II scores. These two factors have been identified using the BDI-II with adult outpatients. The authors claimed that only two of the first-order factors, Cognitive and Somatic-Affective, were generalizable. Through principal factor analysis, they identified a single second-order dimension of self-reported depression and three first-order factors. (1998) examined the psychometrics of the BDI-II with adolescent outpatients and found good internal consistency. The authors report that the solution differed from that reported for adults in that the first factor contained both cognitive and affective symptoms. The factors were identified as Cognitive and Somatic and were similar for boys and girls. Confirmatory factor analyses with adolescent psychiatric inpatients (Osman et al., 2004) identified a 2-factor solution as the most parsimonious and interpretable. ![]()
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